A new assessment notice, an escrow increase or a move across state lines is usually what sends a homeowner looking up property taxes by state. The bill depends on the home's assessed value, the local rate set by counties, cities and school districts, and exemptions for owners who live in the home, older owners or veterans. Rates can also change from one town to the next inside the same state. A statewide median blends all of those places into one figure, so it shows a typical bill, not what any one buyer will pay on a specific house.
The median owner-occupied home in the U.S. paid $3,344 in real estate taxes in 2025, according to the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). That was $133 more than the 2024 median of $3,211 in current dollars, an increase that is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level by our calculation. These are medians of the annual taxes homeowners report on the whole property, including special assessments, not averages and not tax rates set by any government.
We compiled seven Census Bureau sources: the 2025 and 2024 ACS 1-year estimates for median real estate taxes paid, the 2025 estimates for median home value and for taxes paid by dollar range, the ACS subject definitions, the 2025 release notice and the Census Bureau's guidance on testing differences between estimates. Data cover 2024 and 2025, and the 2025 estimates were released on October 29, 2026. The significance tests, the effective tax rates and the shares of homes in each tax range are our calculations from published ACS estimates; every other figure appears as published.
Median Property Taxes by State: 2025
This table answers the keyword directly with the median annual real estate taxes paid by owner-occupied homes in each state and the District of Columbia, with margins of error and the split by mortgage status.
| State | Median real estate taxes paid | Margin of error | Median taxes, with a mortgage | Median taxes, without a mortgage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $3,344 | ±$8 | $3,719 | $2,774 |
| Alabama | $946 | ±$15 | $1,116 | $734 |
| Alaska | $4,067 | ±$122 | $4,424 | $3,413 |
| Arizona | $1,894 | ±$23 | $1,961 | $1,747 |
| Arkansas | $1,142 | ±$27 | $1,367 | $863 |
| California | $5,537 | ±$29 | $6,202 | $4,161 |
| Colorado | $2,945 | ±$29 | $3,087 | $2,652 |
| Connecticut | $6,725 | ±$55 | $6,749 | $6,682 |
| Delaware | $1,911 | ±$55 | $2,034 | $1,660 |
| District of Columbia | $4,805 | ±$279 | $5,112 | $3,988 |
| Florida | $3,180 | ±$29 | $3,521 | $2,731 |
| Georgia | $2,680 | ±$22 | $3,102 | $1,913 |
| Hawaii | $2,387 | ±$65 | $2,432 | $2,315 |
| Idaho | $1,924 | ±$33 | $1,968 | $1,839 |
| Illinois | $5,655 | ±$51 | $6,183 | $4,789 |
| Indiana | $1,884 | ±$20 | $1,971 | $1,724 |
| Iowa | $3,014 | ±$45 | $3,293 | $2,709 |
| Kansas | $3,144 | ±$54 | $3,422 | $2,772 |
| Kentucky | $1,734 | ±$24 | $2,003 | $1,327 |
| Louisiana | $1,268 | ±$30 | $1,533 | $885 |
| Maine | $3,404 | ±$59 | $3,591 | $3,115 |
| Maryland | $4,368 | ±$49 | $4,504 | $4,043 |
| Massachusetts | $6,345 | ±$46 | $6,320 | $6,392 |
| Michigan | $3,163 | ±$25 | $3,510 | $2,743 |
| Minnesota | $3,682 | ±$28 | $3,777 | $3,511 |
| Mississippi | $1,248 | ±$31 | $1,525 | $896 |
| Missouri | $2,145 | ±$30 | $2,319 | $1,891 |
| Montana | $2,947 | ±$65 | $3,167 | $2,674 |
| Nebraska | $3,665 | ±$60 | $3,993 | $3,144 |
| Nevada | $2,172 | ±$52 | $2,233 | $2,052 |
| New Hampshire | $6,983 | ±$105 | $7,155 | $6,681 |
| New Jersey | $9,648 | ±$71 | $9,790 | $9,402 |
| New Mexico | $1,856 | ±$48 | $2,221 | $1,431 |
| New York | $6,706 | ±$39 | $7,057 | $6,193 |
| North Carolina | $2,177 | ±$22 | $2,424 | $1,791 |
| North Dakota | $2,600 | ±$74 | $2,910 | $2,199 |
| Ohio | $3,107 | ±$26 | $3,311 | $2,835 |
| Oklahoma | $1,781 | ±$26 | $2,201 | $1,311 |
| Oregon | $4,009 | ±$52 | $4,123 | $3,826 |
| Pennsylvania | $3,288 | ±$31 | $3,628 | $2,833 |
| Rhode Island | $4,901 | ±$90 | $4,984 | $4,768 |
| South Carolina | $1,367 | ±$18 | $1,614 | $1,004 |
| South Dakota | $3,098 | ±$71 | $3,311 | $2,830 |
| Tennessee | $1,558 | ±$23 | $1,739 | $1,352 |
| Texas | $4,205 | ±$37 | $5,404 | $2,725 |
| Utah | $2,738 | ±$24 | $2,753 | $2,704 |
| Vermont | $5,418 | ±$141 | $5,663 | $5,034 |
| Virginia | $3,003 | ±$36 | $3,265 | $2,590 |
| Washington | $4,911 | ±$42 | $5,005 | $4,702 |
| West Virginia | $904 | ±$25 | $1,185 | $718 |
| Wisconsin | $3,810 | ±$21 | $3,894 | $3,684 |
| Wyoming | $1,987 | ±$56 | $2,037 | $1,940 |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, Table B25103 (Mortgage Status by Median Real Estate Taxes Paid), table-based summary file (released October 29, 2026). Universe: owner-occupied housing units. Real estate taxes are annual taxes on the entire property payable to all taxing jurisdictions, including special assessments. The Census Bureau publishes ACS margins of error at the 90% confidence level. Puerto Rico is published separately and is not included in the U.S. figures.
The highest medians cluster in the Northeast, along with Illinois, California and Washington, while the lowest are in the South and in New Mexico. Nationally, owners with a mortgage paid a higher median than owners without one. We tested that gap in each state and found it significant in 47 of the 50 states and the District of Columbia, with no significant difference in Connecticut, Hawaii, Massachusetts or Wyoming. Margins of error are widest in the District of Columbia and in smaller states such as Vermont and Alaska, so states with close medians may not differ in a statistically meaningful way. Homeowners pricing the full cost of a house in a given state can pair these figures with our data on homeowners insurance costs by state.
This table repeats the rows for the 10 highest and 10 lowest values in the state table above, sorted by median real estate taxes paid.
- New Jersey$9,648
- New Hampshire$6,983
- Connecticut$6,725
- New York$6,706
- Massachusetts$6,345
- Illinois$5,655
- California$5,537
- Vermont$5,418
- Washington$4,911
- Rhode Island$4,901
- New Mexico$1,856
- Oklahoma$1,781
- Kentucky$1,734
- Tennessee$1,558
- South Carolina$1,367
- Louisiana$1,268
- Mississippi$1,248
- Arkansas$1,142
- Alabama$946
- West Virginia$904
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, Table B25103 (Mortgage Status by Median Real Estate Taxes Paid), table-based summary file. Values as shown in the table below the chart.
| State | Median real estate taxes paid | Margin of error | Median taxes, with a mortgage | Median taxes, without a mortgage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey | $9,648 | ±$71 | $9,790 | $9,402 |
| New Hampshire | $6,983 | ±$105 | $7,155 | $6,681 |
| Connecticut | $6,725 | ±$55 | $6,749 | $6,682 |
| New York | $6,706 | ±$39 | $7,057 | $6,193 |
| Massachusetts | $6,345 | ±$46 | $6,320 | $6,392 |
| Illinois | $5,655 | ±$51 | $6,183 | $4,789 |
| California | $5,537 | ±$29 | $6,202 | $4,161 |
| Vermont | $5,418 | ±$141 | $5,663 | $5,034 |
| Washington | $4,911 | ±$42 | $5,005 | $4,702 |
| Rhode Island | $4,901 | ±$90 | $4,984 | $4,768 |
| New Mexico | $1,856 | ±$48 | $2,221 | $1,431 |
| Oklahoma | $1,781 | ±$26 | $2,201 | $1,311 |
| Kentucky | $1,734 | ±$24 | $2,003 | $1,327 |
| Tennessee | $1,558 | ±$23 | $1,739 | $1,352 |
| South Carolina | $1,367 | ±$18 | $1,614 | $1,004 |
| Louisiana | $1,268 | ±$30 | $1,533 | $885 |
| Mississippi | $1,248 | ±$31 | $1,525 | $896 |
| Arkansas | $1,142 | ±$27 | $1,367 | $863 |
| Alabama | $946 | ±$15 | $1,116 | $734 |
| West Virginia | $904 | ±$25 | $1,185 | $718 |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, Table B25103 (Mortgage Status by Median Real Estate Taxes Paid), table-based summary file (released October 29, 2026). The Census Bureau publishes ACS margins of error at the 90% confidence level. Rows copied unchanged from the state table above: the 10 highest and 10 lowest of the 50 states and the District of Columbia, sorted by median real estate taxes paid.
Change in Median Property Taxes by State: 2024 to 2025
This table compares each state's 2025 median with its 2024 median and shows whether the difference is statistically significant, since a small change can fall within the survey's margin of error.
| State | Median real estate taxes paid, 2024 | Margin of error, 2024 | Median real estate taxes paid, 2025 | Margin of error, 2025 | Change, 2024 to 2025 | Statistically significant at 90%? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $3,211 | ±$7 | $3,344 | ±$8 | +$133 | Yes |
| Alabama | $890 | ±$17 | $946 | ±$15 | +$56 | Yes |
| Alaska | $3,976 | ±$149 | $4,067 | ±$122 | +$91 | No |
| Arizona | $1,828 | ±$17 | $1,894 | ±$23 | +$66 | Yes |
| Arkansas | $1,113 | ±$21 | $1,142 | ±$27 | +$29 | No |
| California | $5,369 | ±$34 | $5,537 | ±$29 | +$168 | Yes |
| Colorado | $2,828 | ±$25 | $2,945 | ±$29 | +$117 | Yes |
| Connecticut | $6,573 | ±$47 | $6,725 | ±$55 | +$152 | Yes |
| Delaware | $1,750 | ±$40 | $1,911 | ±$55 | +$161 | Yes |
| District of Columbia | $4,594 | ±$245 | $4,805 | ±$279 | +$211 | No |
| Florida | $2,993 | ±$20 | $3,180 | ±$29 | +$187 | Yes |
| Georgia | $2,554 | ±$26 | $2,680 | ±$22 | +$126 | Yes |
| Hawaii | $2,385 | ±$58 | $2,387 | ±$65 | +$2 | No |
| Idaho | $1,912 | ±$27 | $1,924 | ±$33 | +$12 | No |
| Illinois | $5,399 | ±$43 | $5,655 | ±$51 | +$256 | Yes |
| Indiana | $1,798 | ±$19 | $1,884 | ±$20 | +$86 | Yes |
| Iowa | $2,937 | ±$34 | $3,014 | ±$45 | +$77 | Yes |
| Kansas | $2,983 | ±$45 | $3,144 | ±$54 | +$161 | Yes |
| Kentucky | $1,611 | ±$26 | $1,734 | ±$24 | +$123 | Yes |
| Louisiana | $1,187 | ±$31 | $1,268 | ±$30 | +$81 | Yes |
| Maine | $3,103 | ±$56 | $3,404 | ±$59 | +$301 | Yes |
| Maryland | $4,144 | ±$40 | $4,368 | ±$49 | +$224 | Yes |
| Massachusetts | $6,080 | ±$39 | $6,345 | ±$46 | +$265 | Yes |
| Michigan | $2,988 | ±$19 | $3,163 | ±$25 | +$175 | Yes |
| Minnesota | $3,501 | ±$24 | $3,682 | ±$28 | +$181 | Yes |
| Mississippi | $1,221 | ±$29 | $1,248 | ±$31 | +$27 | No |
| Missouri | $2,021 | ±$29 | $2,145 | ±$30 | +$124 | Yes |
| Montana | $2,939 | ±$57 | $2,947 | ±$65 | +$8 | No |
| Nebraska | $3,739 | ±$49 | $3,665 | ±$60 | -$74 | No |
| Nevada | $2,143 | ±$48 | $2,172 | ±$52 | +$29 | No |
| New Hampshire | $6,707 | ±$88 | $6,983 | ±$105 | +$276 | Yes |
| New Jersey | $9,358 | ±$53 | $9,648 | ±$71 | +$290 | Yes |
| New Mexico | $1,776 | ±$45 | $1,856 | ±$48 | +$80 | Yes |
| New York | $6,542 | ±$47 | $6,706 | ±$39 | +$164 | Yes |
| North Carolina | $2,044 | ±$20 | $2,177 | ±$22 | +$133 | Yes |
| North Dakota | $2,550 | ±$64 | $2,600 | ±$74 | +$50 | No |
| Ohio | $2,937 | ±$20 | $3,107 | ±$26 | +$170 | Yes |
| Oklahoma | $1,672 | ±$24 | $1,781 | ±$26 | +$109 | Yes |
| Oregon | $3,895 | ±$40 | $4,009 | ±$52 | +$114 | Yes |
| Pennsylvania | $3,214 | ±$26 | $3,288 | ±$31 | +$74 | Yes |
| Rhode Island | $4,886 | ±$76 | $4,901 | ±$90 | +$15 | No |
| South Carolina | $1,337 | ±$15 | $1,367 | ±$18 | +$30 | Yes |
| South Dakota | $2,940 | ±$67 | $3,098 | ±$71 | +$158 | Yes |
| Tennessee | $1,488 | ±$17 | $1,558 | ±$23 | +$70 | Yes |
| Texas | $4,108 | ±$42 | $4,205 | ±$37 | +$97 | Yes |
| Utah | $2,648 | ±$22 | $2,738 | ±$24 | +$90 | Yes |
| Vermont | $5,026 | ±$131 | $5,418 | ±$141 | +$392 | Yes |
| Virginia | $2,872 | ±$25 | $3,003 | ±$36 | +$131 | Yes |
| Washington | $4,729 | ±$41 | $4,911 | ±$42 | +$182 | Yes |
| West Virginia | $881 | ±$19 | $904 | ±$25 | +$23 | No |
| Wisconsin | $3,680 | ±$23 | $3,810 | ±$21 | +$130 | Yes |
| Wyoming | $1,947 | ±$50 | $1,987 | ±$56 | +$40 | No |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, Table B25103 (released October 29, 2026) and 2024 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, Table B25103 (released September 11, 2025), table-based summary files. Figures are in current dollars, not adjusted for inflation. Change = 2025 median minus 2024 median, our calculation. Significance test, our calculation following the Census Bureau's ACS handbook: standard error (SE) = margin of error ÷ 1.645; z = (2025 estimate minus 2024 estimate) ÷ the square root of (2025 SE squared + 2024 SE squared); a difference is significant at the 90% confidence level when the absolute value of z exceeds 1.645.
The median rose significantly in 38 of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The other 13 showed no statistically significant change, including Nebraska, the only one where the 2025 estimate came out lower; no state had a significant decline. The ACS measures the taxes homeowners report paying. So the figures reflect changes in home values, local rates, exemptions and the mix of homes surveyed, and they do not isolate any one of those causes.
Effective Property Tax Rate by State: 2025
This table sets each state's median tax bill against its median home value, to show the tax relative to what homes are worth. The rate is our calculation, not a figure the Census Bureau publishes.
| State | Median real estate taxes paid | Median home value | Effective tax rate (our calculation) |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $3,344 | $371,100 | 0.90% |
| Alabama | $946 | $246,500 | 0.38% |
| Alaska | $4,067 | $385,100 | 1.06% |
| Arizona | $1,894 | $427,600 | 0.44% |
| Arkansas | $1,142 | $228,400 | 0.50% |
| California | $5,537 | $770,700 | 0.72% |
| Colorado | $2,945 | $567,600 | 0.52% |
| Connecticut | $6,725 | $423,900 | 1.59% |
| Delaware | $1,911 | $392,600 | 0.49% |
| District of Columbia | $4,805 | $715,500 | 0.67% |
| Florida | $3,180 | $396,700 | 0.80% |
| Georgia | $2,680 | $346,500 | 0.77% |
| Hawaii | $2,387 | $901,500 | 0.26% |
| Idaho | $1,924 | $457,800 | 0.42% |
| Illinois | $5,655 | $294,400 | 1.92% |
| Indiana | $1,884 | $255,200 | 0.74% |
| Iowa | $3,014 | $237,000 | 1.27% |
| Kansas | $3,144 | $252,600 | 1.24% |
| Kentucky | $1,734 | $242,000 | 0.72% |
| Louisiana | $1,268 | $231,800 | 0.55% |
| Maine | $3,404 | $370,300 | 0.92% |
| Maryland | $4,368 | $445,800 | 0.98% |
| Massachusetts | $6,345 | $626,900 | 1.01% |
| Michigan | $3,163 | $269,500 | 1.17% |
| Minnesota | $3,682 | $353,800 | 1.04% |
| Mississippi | $1,248 | $192,700 | 0.65% |
| Missouri | $2,145 | $271,400 | 0.79% |
| Montana | $2,947 | $427,500 | 0.69% |
| Nebraska | $3,665 | $279,200 | 1.31% |
| Nevada | $2,172 | $459,400 | 0.47% |
| New Hampshire | $6,983 | $487,100 | 1.43% |
| New Jersey | $9,648 | $530,800 | 1.82% |
| New Mexico | $1,856 | $293,400 | 0.63% |
| New York | $6,706 | $470,900 | 1.42% |
| North Carolina | $2,177 | $342,800 | 0.64% |
| North Dakota | $2,600 | $281,700 | 0.92% |
| Ohio | $3,107 | $254,100 | 1.22% |
| Oklahoma | $1,781 | $234,000 | 0.76% |
| Oregon | $4,009 | $507,900 | 0.79% |
| Pennsylvania | $3,288 | $292,400 | 1.12% |
| Rhode Island | $4,901 | $478,700 | 1.02% |
| South Carolina | $1,367 | $306,200 | 0.45% |
| South Dakota | $3,098 | $299,100 | 1.04% |
| Tennessee | $1,558 | $341,200 | 0.46% |
| Texas | $4,205 | $318,100 | 1.32% |
| Utah | $2,738 | $543,400 | 0.50% |
| Vermont | $5,418 | $359,800 | 1.51% |
| Virginia | $3,003 | $422,600 | 0.71% |
| Washington | $4,911 | $605,600 | 0.81% |
| West Virginia | $904 | $176,300 | 0.51% |
| Wisconsin | $3,810 | $316,500 | 1.20% |
| Wyoming | $1,987 | $357,300 | 0.56% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, Table B25103 and Table B25077 (Median Value), table-based summary files (released October 29, 2026). Effective tax rate = median real estate taxes paid (B25103_001) ÷ median home value (B25077_001) × 100, our calculation. It is a ratio of two separate medians, not the median of each home's tax-to-value ratio, and it carries the uncertainty of both estimates; no significance test was applied. Both medians cover owner-occupied housing units. Home value is the owner's estimate of what the property would sell for, not its assessed value.
Hawaii has the highest median home value and the lowest effective rate by this measure. Illinois and New Jersey have the highest rates. The ratio can differ from statutory rates and from the rate on any one property, because assessments, exemptions and caps vary by jurisdiction. Buyers estimating the cash needed at purchase, which often includes prorated property taxes and an escrow deposit, can find more in our average closing costs by state data.
Distribution of Real Estate Taxes Paid in the U.S.: 2025
A median hides the spread, so this table counts owner-occupied homes nationwide in each annual tax range, split by mortgage status.
| Real estate taxes paid per year | Homes with a mortgage | Share of homes with a mortgage | Homes without a mortgage | Share of homes without a mortgage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than $800 | 3,353,411 | 6.5% | 5,338,943 | 14.9% |
| $800 to $1,499 | 5,435,144 | 10.5% | 4,713,674 | 13.1% |
| $1,500 to $1,999 | 3,925,478 | 7.6% | 2,785,371 | 7.8% |
| $2,000 to $2,999 | 7,524,609 | 14.6% | 4,869,586 | 13.6% |
| $3,000 or more | 29,407,811 | 57.0% | 15,502,609 | 43.2% |
| No real estate taxes paid | 1,981,956 | 3.8% | 2,673,142 | 7.4% |
| All owner-occupied homes | 51,628,409 | 100% | 35,883,325 | 100% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, Table B25102 (Mortgage Status by Real Estate Taxes Paid), table-based summary file (released October 29, 2026). Owner-occupied housing units in the 50 states and D.C. Share = homes in the tax range ÷ all homes with the same mortgage status, our calculation; shares may not sum to 100% because of rounding. The Census Bureau's highest published range is $3,000 or more.
The highest ACS range starts at $3,000, which sits below the national median for homes with a mortgage, so most mortgaged homes fall into that single open-ended range. Owners without a mortgage were more likely to pay under $800 or no real estate taxes at all. For homes with a mortgage, taxes are often collected monthly through escrow, which our average mortgage closing costs by state data covers at the purchase stage.
What Property Tax Data Means for Homeowners
State medians set a starting range, but the bill on a specific home comes from the local assessor and the rates of each taxing district, so the county's own records are the figure to use in a budget. The next ACS 1-year release will show whether the increases measured from 2024 to 2025 continue.
Sources
- U.S. Census Bureau. "American Community Survey 2025 1-Year Estimates, Table B25103: Mortgage Status by Median Real Estate Taxes Paid (Dollars)" (table-based summary file). Released October 29, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25103.dat
- U.S. Census Bureau. "American Community Survey 2024 1-Year Estimates, Table B25103: Mortgage Status by Median Real Estate Taxes Paid (Dollars)" (table-based summary file). Released September 11, 2025. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2024-b25103.dat
- U.S. Census Bureau. "American Community Survey 2025 1-Year Estimates, Table B25077: Median Value (Dollars)" (table-based summary file). Released October 29, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25077.dat
- U.S. Census Bureau. "American Community Survey 2025 1-Year Estimates, Table B25102: Mortgage Status by Real Estate Taxes Paid" (table-based summary file). Released October 29, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2025/table-based-SF/data/1YRData/acsdt1y2025-b25102.dat
- U.S. Census Bureau. "American Community Survey and Puerto Rico Community Survey 2025 Subject Definitions." Accessed October 30, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2025_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdf
- U.S. Census Bureau. "2025 Data Release" (American Community Survey). Accessed October 30, 2026. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/news/data-releases/2025.html
- U.S. Census Bureau. "Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What All Data Users Need to Know," Chapter 7, "Understanding Error and Determining Statistical Significance." 2020. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2020/acs/acs_general_handbook_2020_ch07.pdf
Figures are shown as published by the sources named under each table. How we source and correct: editorial and corrections policy. Spotted an error? Contact us.
Release dates for these sources: Data release calendar.